2.gif)
The collected blood is usually stored as separate components, and some of these have short shelf lives. There are no storage solutions to keep platelets for extended periods of time, though some are being studied as of 2008,[73] and the longest shelf life used is seven days.[74] Red blood cells, the most frequently used component, have a shelf life of 35–42 days at refrigerated temperatures.[75][76] This can be extended by freezing the blood with a mixture of glycerol[35] but this process is expensive, rarely done, and requires an extremely cold freezer for storage. Plasma can be stored frozen for an extended period of time and is typically given an expiration date of one year[77] and maintaining a supply is less of a problem.
The limited storage time means that it is difficult to have a stockpile of blood to prepare for a disaster. The subject was discussed at length after the September 11th attacks in the United States, and the consensus was that collecting during a disaster was impractical and that efforts should be focused on maintaining an adequate supply at all times.[78] Blood centers in the U.S. often have difficulty maintaining even a three day supply for routine transfusion demands.[79]
The World Health Organization recognizes World Blood Donor Day on 14th June each year to promote blood donation. This is the birthday of Karl Landsteiner, the scientist who discovered the ABO blood group system.[80] As of 2008, the WHO estimated that more than 81 million units of blood were being collected annually.[81]
[edit] Benefits and incentives
The World Health Organization set a goal in 1997 for all blood donations to come from unpaid volunteer donors,[13] but as of 2006, only 49 of 124 countries surveyed had established this as a standard. Plasmapheresis donors in the United States are still paid for donations.[82] A few countries rely on paid donors to maintain an adequate supply.[83] Some countries, such as Tanzania, have made great strides in moving towards this standard, with 20 percent of donors in 2005 being unpaid volunteers and 80 percent in 2007,[6] but 68 of 124 countries surveyed by WHO had made little or no progress. In some countries, for example Brazil,[84] it is against the law to receive any compensation, monetary or otherwise, for the donation of blood or other human tissues.
In patients prone to iron overload, blood donation prevents the accumulation of toxic quantities.[85] Blood banks in the United States must label the blood if it is from a therapeutic donor, so most do not accept donations from donors with any blood disease.[86] Others, such as the Australian Red Cross Blood Service, accept blood from donors with hemochromatosis. It is a genetic disorder that does not affect the safety of the blood.[87] Donating blood may reduce the risk of heart disease for men,[88] but the link has not been firmly established. Also, donating one pint of blood causes the donor to burn approximately 650 calories.[89]
Other incentives are sometimes added by employers, usually time off for the purposes of donating.[90] Blood centers will also sometimes add incentives such as assurances that donors would have priority during shortages, free tshirts or other small trinkets (e.g., first aid kits, windshield scrapers, pens, etc.), or other programs such as prize drawings for donors and rewards for organizers of successful drives.[91] Most allogeneic blood donors donate as an act of charity and do not expect to receive any direct benefit from the donation.[92]
[edit] See also
List of blood donation agencies
Blood transfusion
Plateletpheresis
Bloodletting
MSM blood donor controversy
Blood substitutes
[edit] References
^ http://www.givelife2.org/donor/faq.asp#3 FAQs About Donating Blood
^ a b "Blood donation: What to expect". Mayo Clinic. http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/blood-donation/GA00039. Retrieved 2008-12-03.
^ M. E. Brecher, Editor (2005), AABB Technical Manual, fifteenth edition, Bethesda, MD: AABB, ISBN 1-56935-19607, p.98-103
^ "Directed Donation". Mayo Clinic. http://www.mayoclinic.org/donateblood/directed.html. Retrieved 2008-06-25.
^ Wales PW, Lau W, Kim PC (May 2001). "Directed blood donation in pediatric general surgery: Is it worth it?". J. Pediatr. Surg. 36 (5): 722–5. doi:10.1053/jpsu.2001.22945. PMID 11329574.
^ a b T. Brown "Strengthening Blood Systems In Africa: Progress Under PEPFAR and Remaining Challenges" AABB News. April, 1998:page 30
^ "Autologous (self-donated) Blood as an Alternative to Allogeneic (donor-donated) Blood Transfusion". AABB. http://www.aabb.org/Content/About_Blood/Facts_About_Blood_and_Blood_Banking/fabloodautoallo.htm. Retrieved 2008-06-25.
^ "Recovered Plasma". AABB. http://www.aabb.org/Content/Members_Area/Members_Area_Regulatory/Blood_Component_Preparation_and_Testing/plasbpac061302.htm. Retrieved 2008-06-25.
^ "Giving Blood -> What to Expect". Australian Red Cross Blood Service. http://www.donateblood.com.au/page.aspx?IDDataTreeMenu=45&parent=31. Retrieved 2007-10-06.
^ "The Donation Experience". Canadian Blood Services. http://www.bloodservices.ca/centreapps/internet/uw_v502_mainengine.nsf/page/The%20Donation%20Experience?OpenDocument. Retrieved 2006-12-17.
^ "Tips for a Good Donation Experience". American Red Cross. http://www.givelife2.org/donor/tips.asp. Retrieved 2006-12-17.
^ "WHO Blood Safety and Donation". World Health Organization. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs279/en/. Retrieved 2008-06-01.
^ a b c "World Blood Donor Day 2006". World Health Organization. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2006/pr33/en/index.html. Retrieved 2008-06-26.
^ "Sponsoring a Blood Drive". American Red Cross. http://www.givelife2.org/sponsor/. Retrieved 2008-06-25.
^ "Parental consent form" (pdf). Australian Red Cross Blood Service. http://www.donateblood.com.au/admin%5Cfile%5Ccontent1%5Cc5%5Cwaconsent%20.pdf. Retrieved 2008-06-01.
^ "FDA regulations on donor deferral". US Food and Drug Administration. http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=610.41. Retrieved 2008-06-01.
^ "Donors' Races to Be Sought To Identify Rare Blood Types". New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0CEEDC123DF930A25752C0A966958260. Retrieved 2008-06-01.
^ "Red Gold, Innovators and Pioneers". Public Broadcasting Service (United States). http://www.pbs.org/wnet/redgold/innovators/bio_drew.html. Retrieved 2008-06-01.
^ "Drug Agency Reaffirms Ban on Gay Men Giving Blood". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/24/washington/24blood.html?_r=2&oref=slogin. Retrieved 2009-03-26.
^ Heim MU, Mempel W (1991). "[The need for thorough infection screening in donors of autologous blood]" (in German). Beitr Infusionsther 28: 313–6. PMID 1725645.
^ "Avodart consumer information". US Food and Drug Administration. http://www.fda.gov/cder/consumerinfo/druginfo/avodart.htm. Retrieved 2008-06-01.
^ "AABB Full-Length Donor History Questionnaire (UDHQ)". AABB, U.S. Food and Drug Administration. http://www.fda.gov/cber/dhq/dhq11/dhq11a.htm. Retrieved 2008-06-25.
^ "Donor Qualification criteria". Héma-Québec, Canada. http://www.hema-quebec.qc.ca/anglais/dondesang/qualifidonneurs.htm. Retrieved 2006-12-17.
^ "Guidelines for UK Blood Services". UK Blood and Tissue Services. http://transfusionguidelines.org.uk/Index.aspx?Publication=RB&Section=25&pageid=546. Retrieved 2008-06-01.
^ Gómez-Simón A, Navarro-Núñez L, Pérez-Ceballos E, et al. (Jun 2007). "Evaluation of four rapid methods for hemoglobin screening of whole blood donors in mobile collection settings". Transfus. Apher. Sci. 36 (3): 235–42. doi:10.1016/j.transci.2007.01.010. PMID 17556020.
^ Goldman M, Fournier E, Cameron-Choi K, Steed T (May 2007). "Effect of changing the age criteria for blood donors". Vox Sang. 92 (4): 368–72. doi:10.1111/j.1423-0410.2007.00897.x. PMID 17456161.
^ "Donating - Frequently Asked Questions". Blood Bank of Alaska. http://www.bloodbankofalaska.org/donating/faq.html. Retrieved 2008-06-01.
^ "Blood Type Test". WebMD.com. http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/blood-type-test. Retrieved 2008-06-01.
^ "Plasma fact sheet". American Red Cross. http://donatebloodnow.org/apheresis/docs/Plasma_Fact%20Sheet.pdf.
^ Bhattacharya P, Chandra PK, Datta S, et al. (Jul 2007). "Significant increase in HBV, HCV, HIV and syphilis infections among blood donors in West Bengal, Eastern India 2004-2005: exploratory screening reveals high frequency of occult HBV infection". World J. Gastroenterol. 13 (27): 3730–3. PMID 17659734. http://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/13/3730.asp.
^ "Testing of Donor Blood for infectious disease". AABB. http://www.aabb.org/Content/About_Blood/Facts_About_Blood_and_Blood_Banking/fabloodtesting.htm. Retrieved 2008-06-25.
^ R. Miller, P.E. Hewitt, R. Warwick, M.C. Moore, B. Vincent (1998). "Review of counselling in a transfusion service: the London (UK) experience". Vox Sang 74 (3): 133–9. doi:10.1046/j.1423-0410.1998.7430133.x. PMID 9595639.
^ "Advisory Committe on MSBTO, 28 June 2005". http://www.advisorybodies.doh.gov.uk/acmsbtt/msbtsum280605.pdf. Retrieved 2008-06-01.
^ "Precautionary West Nile virus blood sample testing". Héma-Québec, Canada. http://www.hema-quebec.qc.ca/anglais/centredepresse/coms2005/20050808.htm. Retrieved 2006-12-17.
^ a b c d "Circular of Information for use of Blood and Blood Products" (pdf). AABB, ARC, America's Blood Centers. http://www.aabb.org/Documents/About_Blood/Circulars_of_Information/coi0702.pdf.
^ "Red blood cell transfusions in newborn infants: Revised guidelines". Canadian Paediatric Society (CPS). http://www.cps.ca/english/statements/fn/fn02-02.htm#What%20type%20of%20RBCs%20should%20be%20used. Retrieved 2007-02-02.
^ Sagi E, Eyal F, Armon Y, Arad I, Robinson M (Nov 1981). "Exchange transfusion in newborns via a peripheral artery and vein". Eur. J. Pediatr. 137 (3): 283–4. doi:10.1007/BF00443258. PMID 7318840. http://www.springerlink.com/content/u18xn2491012nr8x/.
^ "Blood on the Hoof". Public Broadcasting Service. http://www.pbs.org/wnet/redgold/basics/bloodonhoof.html. Retrieved 2008-06-25.
^ "ISBT Quarterly Newsletter, June 2006, "A History of Fresh Blood", page 15" (pdf). International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT/SITS). http://www.isbt-web.org/files/tt/TT63.pdf. Retrieved 2008-07-31.
^ a b Lee CK, Ho PL, Chan NK, Mak A, Hong J, Lin CK (Oct 2002). "Impact of donor arm skin disinfection on the bacterial contamination rate of platelet concentrates". Vox Sang. 83 (3): 204–8. doi:10.1046/j.1423-0410.2002.00219.x. PMID 12366760. http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1046/j.1423-0410.2002.00219.x.
^ M. L. Turgeon (2004). Clinical Hematology: Theory and Procedures (fourth ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 30. ISBN 0781750075. http://books.google.com/books?id=v2iyQBKx00kC&pg=PA30&lpg=PA30&dq=phlebotomy+complications&source=web&ots=GSRbgp8ydH&sig=T4APht_sZdr-zDtw0BfNu6vD-zU&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=6&ct=result#PPA30,M1. Retrieved 2008-06-21.
^ One major manufacturer of collection sets uses a 16 gauge (1.651 mm) size "Blood banking laboratory supplies". Genesis BPS. http://www.genesisbps.com/PDF/blood_bags_terumo.pdf. Retrieved 2008-06-01.
^ "What is Hemolysis?". Becton-Dickinson. http://www.bd.com/vacutainer/pdfs/techtalk/TechTalk_Jan2004_VS7167.pdf. Retrieved 2008-06-01.
^ Akerblom O, Kreuger A (1975). "Studies on citrate-phosphate-dextrose (CPD) blood supplemented with adenine". Vox Sang. 29 (2): 90–100. doi:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1975.tb00484.x. PMID 238338.
^ "Plasma Equipment and Packaging, and Transfusion Equipment". Office of Medical History (OTSG). http://history.amedd.army.mil/booksdocs/wwii/blood/chapter7.htm. Retrieved 2008-06-19.
^ "Medicines derived from human plasma". Sanquin Blood Supply Foundation. http://www.sanquin.nl/Sanquin-eng/sqn_From_blood_to_medicine.nsf/All/Plasma-Fractionation---Medicines-Derived-From-Plasma.html. Retrieved 2008-06-01.
^ "Indications for Platelet Transfusion Therapy". Southeastern Community Blood Center. http://www.scbcinfo.org/publications/bulletin_v2_n2.htm. Retrieved 2008-06-10.
^ ""Double Up to Save Lives"". United Blood Services. http://www.unitedbloodservices.org/automation.html. Retrieved 2007-02-23.
^ ""Double the Difference"". American Red Cross (Greater Chesapeake and Potomac). http://www.my-redcross.org/index.cfm/p/Double-Red-Cell. Retrieved 2007-02-23.
^ Eder AF, Hillyer CD, Dy BA, Notari EP, Benjamin RJ (May 2008). "Adverse reactions to allogeneic whole blood donation by 16- and 17-year-olds". JAMA 299 (19): 2279–86. doi:10.1001/jama.299.19.2279. PMID 18492969.
^ "Report on the promotion by Member States of voluntary unpaid blood donation". Commission of the European Communities. http://siba2.unile.it/ese/issues/288/660/RelazDonazSanguigne_p6.pdf. Retrieved 2008-06-26.
^ "Donating Apheresis and Plasma". Community Blood Center. http://www.cbccts.org/donating/automated.htm. Retrieved 2008-06-11.
^ Pottgiesser T, Specker W, Umhau M, Dickhuth HH, Roecker K, Schumacher YO (Jul 2008). "Recovery of hemoglobin mass after blood donation". Transfusion 48 (7): 1390–7. doi:10.1111/j.1537-2995.2008.01719.x. PMID 18466177.
^ "Blood Products Advisory Committee, 12 December 2003". http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/ac/03/transcripts/4014T2.htm. Retrieved 2008-06-01.
^ "Blood Donation". Hong Kong Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service. http://www5.ha.org.hk/rcbts/e_donation.html. Retrieved 2008-06-01.
^ "Before and after giving blood". Australian Red Cross Blood Service. http://www.donateblood.com.au/page.aspx?IDDataTreeMenu=48&parent=31. Retrieved 2008-06-01.
^ "Donating Whole Blood". Lane Memorial Blood Bank. http://www.lmbb.org/whole_blood.html. Retrieved 2008-06-01.
^ "Who can't give blood". National Blood Service for England and Wales. https://secure.blood.co.uk/c11_cant.asp. Retrieved 2009-02-026.
^ A.F. Eder, C.D. Hillyer, B.A. Dy, E.P. Notari, R.J. Benjamin (May 2008). "Adverse reactions to allogeneic whole blood donation by 16- and 17-year-olds". JAMA 299 (19): 2279–86. doi:10.1001/jama.299.19.2279. PMID 18492969. http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/299/19/2279.
^ Yuan S, Gornbein J, Smeltzer B, Ziman AF, Lu Q, Goldfinger D (Jun 2008). "Risk factors for acute, moderate to severe donor reactions associated with multicomponent apheresis collections". Transfusion 48 (6): 1213–9. doi:10.1111/j.1537-2995.2008.01674.x. PMID 18346014.
^ "Adverse Effect of Blood Donation, Siriraj Experience". American Red Cross. http://www.redcross.or.th/extra/blood_seminar_50/files/211_1525-1536.pdf. Retrieved 2008-06-01.
^ B. Newman, S. Graves (2001). "A study of 178 consecutive vasovagal syncopal reactions from the perspective of safety". Transfusion 41 (12): 1475–9. doi:10.1046/j.1537-2995.2001.41121475.x. PMID 11778059.
^ "Fatalities Reported to FDA". US Food and Drug Administration. http://www.fda.gov/Cber/blood/fatal0506.htm#g. Retrieved 2008-06-01.
^ Wiltbank TB, Giordano GF, Kamel H, Tomasulo P, Custer B (May 2008). "Faint and prefaint reactions in whole-blood donors: an analysis of predonation measurements and their predictive value". Transfusion 48: 1799. doi:10.1111/j.1537-2995.2008.01745.x. PMID 18482188.
^ Ranasinghe E, Harrison JF (Jun 2000). "Bruising following blood donation, its management and the response and subsequent return rates of affected donors". Transfus Med 10 (2): 113–6. doi:10.1046/j.1365-3148.2000.00240.x. PMID 10849380. http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/openurl?genre=article&sid=nlm:pubmed&issn=0958-7578&date=2000&volume=10&issue=2&spage=113.
^ Working Group on Complications Related to Blood Donation JF (2008). "[http://www.isbt-web.org/members_only/files/society/StandardSurveillanceDOCO.pdf Standard for Surveillance of Complications Related to Blood D Donation]". European Haemovigilance Network: 11. http://www.isbt-web.org/members_only/files/society/StandardSurveillanceDOCO.pdf.
^ Bolan CD, Greer SE, Cecco SA, Oblitas JM, Rehak NN, Leitman SF (Sep 2001). "Comprehensive analysis of citrate effects during plateletpheresis in normal donors". Transfusion 41 (9): 1165–71. doi:10.1046/j.1537-2995.2001.41091165.x. PMID 11552076. http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/openurl?genre=article&sid=nlm:pubmed&issn=0041-1132&date=2001&volume=41&issue=9&spage=1165.
^ "Jerome H. Holland Laboratory for the Biomedical Sciences Volunteer Research Blood Program (RBP)". American Red Cross. http://www.redcross.org/services/biomed/0,1082,0_543_,00.html. Retrieved 2008-06-01.
^ Wiltbank TB, Giordano GF (Jun 2007). "The safety profile of automated collections: an analysis of more than 1 million collections". Transfusion 47 (6): 1002–5. doi:10.1111/j.1537-2995.2007.01224.x. PMID 17524089.
^ "Blood Donor Information Leaflet". Irish Blood Transfusion Service. http://www.ibts.ie/generic.cfm?mID=2&sID=9. Retrieved 2008-06-01.
^ "Keeping China's blood supply free of HIV". US Embassy, Beijing. http://www.usembassy-china.org.cn/sandt/webaids5.htm. Retrieved 2008-06-01.
^ Cohen J (Jun 2004). "HIV/AIDS in China. An unsafe practice turned blood donors into victims". Science (journal) 304 (5676): 1438–9. doi:10.1126/science.304.5676.1438. PMID 15178781. http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/304/5676/1438.
^ "In Vitro Evaluation of Buffy Coat Derived Platelet Concentrates in SSP+ Platelet Storage Medium". Transfusion Medicine (Blackwell Publishing. http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/bsc/trans/2006/00000016/A00101s1/art00057. Retrieved 2008-06-01.
^ "Transfusion Handbook, summary information for Platelets". National Blood Transfusion Committee. http://transfusionguidelines.org.uk/index.asp?Publication=HTM&Section=9&pageid=1106. Retrieved 2008-06-02.
^ Lockwood WB, Hudgens RW, Szymanski IO, Teno RA, Gray AD (Nov 2003). "Effects of rejuvenation and frozen storage on 42-day-old AS-3 RBCs". Transfusion 43 (11): 1527–32. doi:10.1046/j.1537-2995.2003.00551.x. PMID 14617310. http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/openurl?genre=article&sid=nlm:pubmed&issn=0041-1132&date=2003&volume=43&issue=11&spage=1527.
^ "Transfusion handbook, Summary information for Red Blood Cells". National Blood Transfusion Committee. http://transfusionguidelines.org.uk/Index.aspx?Publication=HTM&Section=9&pageid=1105. Retrieved 2008-06-02.
^ "Transfusion of Fresh Frozen Plasma, products, indications". Agence française de sécurité sanitaire des produits de santé. http://agmed.sante.gouv.fr/ang/pdf/glffpl.pdf. Retrieved 2008-06-02.
^ "Maintaining an Adequate Blood Supply Is Key to Emergency Preparedness". Government Accountability Office. http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d021095t.pdf. Retrieved 2008-06-01.
^ "Current status of America's Blood Centers blood supply". America's Blood Centers. http://members.americasblood.org/plsql/ecat/supply_monitor_pkg.web_report.
^ "World Blood Donor Day". World Health Organization. http://www.wbdd.org/index.php?id=24. Retrieved 2008-06-01.
^ http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs279/en/
^ "Blood Plasma Safety". GAO. http://www.gao.gov/archive/1998/he98205.pdf. Retrieved 2008-06-01.
^ G. A. Schmunis (corresponding author for PAHO) (Jan 2005). "Safety of the Blood Supply in Latin America". Clinical Microbiology Reviews 18: 12. doi:10.1128/CMR.18.1.12-29.2005. PMID 15653816.
^ L. Fusco "From Latin America to Asia, Rising Above Difficulties, Achieving New Heights" AABB News. April, 1998:page 30
^ Fields AC, Grindon AJ (1999). "Hemochromatosis, iron, and blood donation: a short review". Immunohematology 15 (3): 108–12. PMID 15373512.
^ "Variances for Blood Collection from Individuals with Hereditary Hemochromatosis". US Food and Drug Administration. http://www.fda.gov/cber/gdlns/hemchrom.htm. Retrieved 2007-07-18.
^ "Hereditary Hemochromatosis: Perspectives of Public Health, Medical Genetics, and Primary Care". CDC Office of Public Health Genomics. http://www.cdc.gov/genomics/training/perspectives/other/hfe.htm. Retrieved 2008-06-03.
^ Tuomainen TP, Salonen R, Nyyssönen K, Salonen JT (Mar 1997). "Cohort study of relation between donating blood and risk of myocardial infarction in 2682 men in eastern Finland". BMJ 314 (7083): 793–4. PMID 9080998. PMC: 2126176. http://bmj.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/full/314/7083/793.
^ Did you know?, mayoclinic.org
^ "Guidelines for Implementation of Employee Blood Donation Leave". New York State Department of Labor. http://www.labor.state.ny.us/workerprotection/laborstandards/PDFs/Blood%20guidelinesFINAL.pdf. Retrieved 2008-06-01.
^ "Incentives program for blood donors and organizers". American Red Cross Connecticut Blood Services Region. http://www.bloodct.org/announcements.php. Retrieved 2008-06-01.
^ Steele WR, Schreiber GB, Guiltinan A, et al. (Jan 2008). "The role of altruistic behavior, empathetic concern, and social responsibility motivation in blood donation behavior". Transfusion 48 (1): 43–54. doi:10.1111/j.1537-2995.2007.01481.x. PMID 17894795.
[edit] Further reading
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Blood donation
Blood Donation and Processing
Deferred Donors: Anemia & Blood Donation
British guidelines for transfusion medicine
Harrison E (Nov 2007). "Blood cells for sale". Sci.
The limited storage time means that it is difficult to have a stockpile of blood to prepare for a disaster. The subject was discussed at length after the September 11th attacks in the United States, and the consensus was that collecting during a disaster was impractical and that efforts should be focused on maintaining an adequate supply at all times.[78] Blood centers in the U.S. often have difficulty maintaining even a three day supply for routine transfusion demands.[79]
The World Health Organization recognizes World Blood Donor Day on 14th June each year to promote blood donation. This is the birthday of Karl Landsteiner, the scientist who discovered the ABO blood group system.[80] As of 2008, the WHO estimated that more than 81 million units of blood were being collected annually.[81]
[edit] Benefits and incentives
The World Health Organization set a goal in 1997 for all blood donations to come from unpaid volunteer donors,[13] but as of 2006, only 49 of 124 countries surveyed had established this as a standard. Plasmapheresis donors in the United States are still paid for donations.[82] A few countries rely on paid donors to maintain an adequate supply.[83] Some countries, such as Tanzania, have made great strides in moving towards this standard, with 20 percent of donors in 2005 being unpaid volunteers and 80 percent in 2007,[6] but 68 of 124 countries surveyed by WHO had made little or no progress. In some countries, for example Brazil,[84] it is against the law to receive any compensation, monetary or otherwise, for the donation of blood or other human tissues.
In patients prone to iron overload, blood donation prevents the accumulation of toxic quantities.[85] Blood banks in the United States must label the blood if it is from a therapeutic donor, so most do not accept donations from donors with any blood disease.[86] Others, such as the Australian Red Cross Blood Service, accept blood from donors with hemochromatosis. It is a genetic disorder that does not affect the safety of the blood.[87] Donating blood may reduce the risk of heart disease for men,[88] but the link has not been firmly established. Also, donating one pint of blood causes the donor to burn approximately 650 calories.[89]
Other incentives are sometimes added by employers, usually time off for the purposes of donating.[90] Blood centers will also sometimes add incentives such as assurances that donors would have priority during shortages, free tshirts or other small trinkets (e.g., first aid kits, windshield scrapers, pens, etc.), or other programs such as prize drawings for donors and rewards for organizers of successful drives.[91] Most allogeneic blood donors donate as an act of charity and do not expect to receive any direct benefit from the donation.[92]
[edit] See also
List of blood donation agencies
Blood transfusion
Plateletpheresis
Bloodletting
MSM blood donor controversy
Blood substitutes
[edit] References
^ http://www.givelife2.org/donor/faq.asp#3 FAQs About Donating Blood
^ a b "Blood donation: What to expect". Mayo Clinic. http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/blood-donation/GA00039. Retrieved 2008-12-03.
^ M. E. Brecher, Editor (2005), AABB Technical Manual, fifteenth edition, Bethesda, MD: AABB, ISBN 1-56935-19607, p.98-103
^ "Directed Donation". Mayo Clinic. http://www.mayoclinic.org/donateblood/directed.html. Retrieved 2008-06-25.
^ Wales PW, Lau W, Kim PC (May 2001). "Directed blood donation in pediatric general surgery: Is it worth it?". J. Pediatr. Surg. 36 (5): 722–5. doi:10.1053/jpsu.2001.22945. PMID 11329574.
^ a b T. Brown "Strengthening Blood Systems In Africa: Progress Under PEPFAR and Remaining Challenges" AABB News. April, 1998:page 30
^ "Autologous (self-donated) Blood as an Alternative to Allogeneic (donor-donated) Blood Transfusion". AABB. http://www.aabb.org/Content/About_Blood/Facts_About_Blood_and_Blood_Banking/fabloodautoallo.htm. Retrieved 2008-06-25.
^ "Recovered Plasma". AABB. http://www.aabb.org/Content/Members_Area/Members_Area_Regulatory/Blood_Component_Preparation_and_Testing/plasbpac061302.htm. Retrieved 2008-06-25.
^ "Giving Blood -> What to Expect". Australian Red Cross Blood Service. http://www.donateblood.com.au/page.aspx?IDDataTreeMenu=45&parent=31. Retrieved 2007-10-06.
^ "The Donation Experience". Canadian Blood Services. http://www.bloodservices.ca/centreapps/internet/uw_v502_mainengine.nsf/page/The%20Donation%20Experience?OpenDocument. Retrieved 2006-12-17.
^ "Tips for a Good Donation Experience". American Red Cross. http://www.givelife2.org/donor/tips.asp. Retrieved 2006-12-17.
^ "WHO Blood Safety and Donation". World Health Organization. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs279/en/. Retrieved 2008-06-01.
^ a b c "World Blood Donor Day 2006". World Health Organization. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2006/pr33/en/index.html. Retrieved 2008-06-26.
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[edit] Further reading
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